Material icons, flat icons, thin icons, ready-made or fully custom, on-brand icons... No matter what type of web icons you opt for, the same rule applies: the need to be visible to all users. So, you ask yourself: "How to make icons accessible to... everyone?".
For, in vain you go with an eye-catching web icon design if its color contrast is so low that some users just don't see it.
Or if it's interactive, but only when... mouse clicked.
See my point?
Therefore, in today's post I'll tackle aspects like:
what accessible icons are
what goes into making icons accessible: most effective approaches and best practices
what are the different types of web icons and the specific techniques for making them accessible
Let's dive in:
1. What Are Accessible Icons More Precisely?
What makes an icon accessible to screen reader users?
What requirements should it meet to be fully inclusive?
Here are the 6 most important things to consider when you're designing accessible icons:
1.1. Make Them Noticeable
For, it's pretty logical:
If an icon's not instantly perceivable to all visitors, it becomes inaccessible.
And by "instantly perceivable", I mean that users shouldn't be constrained to perform some sort of action in order to make the icon... visible.
1.2. If It's Purely Decorative, It Shouldn't Be Read Out
One of the best practices for designing accessible icons (decorative icons) is to skip the part where the ALT text gets read out to screen reader users.
That's because, in the case of a decorative icon, informing the user about its existence on the page (e.g. "There is a key icon!") is just... superfluous.
Which leads us to the next requirement that all "wannabe accessible" web icons should meet:
1.3. Always Add a Text Label
The magnifying glass icon is universally recognized as a "search" tool.
But that's the only universally recognizable icon...
Therefore, it's best to play safe if you want your icons to be accessible to the widest range of visitors.
Whether you have a hamburger menu icon or a house-shaped one, accompany it with a text label to prevent any ambiguity.
1.4. Keep in Mind the Color Contrast
This is one of the recommendations on top of any "How to make accessible icons" list that you might stumble upon:
Make sure there's enough foreground-background color constrat in your icons, so that visitors with different levels of visual imparirment can easily notice them.
1.5. Make Sure They're Properly Sized
And by "properly sized" I mean somewhere around 44x44 pixels.
Pay particular attention to the size in the case of icon links:
Any smaller than 44x44 pixels and they become inaccessible on smaller devices: some users won't be able to click on them.
1.6. Make Sure They're Mouse, Touchscreen, AND Keyboard Accessible
Have you decided to "sprinkle" some interactive icons across your website?
Then make sure that users can easily click on them whether they use their mouses, they tap on their touchscreens or they depend on their keyboards for that.
2. How to Make Icons Accessible: 10 Approaches & Best Practices
Now that we've gone through "what" makes an icon accessible, let's get to the "how-to" part:
How can you make your web icons more accessible for screen readers users?
Here's a list of simple approaches and valuable tips to consider:
2.1. Consider Pixel Measurements and Square Dimensions
Most icons have square dimensions.
And if you're curious which are some of the most frequently used sizes for web icons, here are some popular examples:
128x128
16x16
512x512
64x64
256x256
2.2. The Easiest Way to Make Your Linked Icons Accessible Is to...
... add an ALT-text that lets the user know what the link does. What its destination is.
For instance, you can add "Email us" as the ALT-text accompanying your "@" email icon.
2.3. When In Doubt, Choose an SVG or a PNG File Format
Even if some prefer the SVG icons systems, while others choose to go with PNGs (making icons accessible is easier with that file format), all web designers agree on this:
Icon fonts should be the very last option to consider.
2.4. Make Sure Your Document and Your Icon Are The Same Size
2.5. See that There's Enough Icon-Background Color Contrast
Will you be adding your web icon to a background?
If it's a yes, then check and adjust the color contrast.
2.6. Check Your Icon's Size Before Exporting It
The 6th tip on our "How to make icons accessible" is pretty... predictable:
All web icons should be properly sized prior to export, making sure they're not too large.
2.7. Hide the Text Accompanying the Icon, but Keep It Visible to Screen Readers
Let's say that you've inserted an explanatory enough copy text within your link icon, but you don't want it to be visible to all users.
You want it to be visible to screen readers only.
For this, you can use a visible-hidden class selector.
Word of caution! Going with this solution does call for 2 compromises:
the click/touch area is smaller
screen reader users might not understand what that icon does (the VoiceOver will then read something like: "internal link, home").
2.8. Accompany Your Semantic Icons with Visible Text to Avoid Ambiguity
"What's a semantic icon?" you ask?
A standalone icon that has meaning.
Now, if you want to make sure you'll prevent all situations where users might just overlook it, just add a visible "Menu" text next to it. This way, its meaning will be 100% clear to anyone.
2.9. The Simplest Way to Make Icon Fonts Accessible Is...
... to add aria-hidden="true" to the element.
Note: again, whenever possible, avoid icon fonts and opt for inline SVGs instead.
2.10. Skip Adding ALT-Text to Text-Based Icons
Let's say that you have an "Email Us" linked icon.
Now, it would be quite superfluous to have an ALT text added to, saying the same thing to the screen reader user, wouldn't it?
In this case, the icon is purely decorative, since the copy text around it already conveys the meaning on its own.
The END!
Now you have at least 10 different answers to your "How to make icons accessible to the widest range of users" question.
But maybe you need help choosing the best approach and implementing these best practices in order to make your brand icons more accessible.
We're here to help!
Just drop us a line and let's find the most suitable solution for making your web icons available to everyone visiting your website.
Image by Виктория Бородинова from Pixabay
Adriana Cacoveanu / May 06'2020
“What's the best audit tool that I can use to check my website's performance?” you ask yourself. Why would you consider Google Lighthouse?
How reliable is its scoring system? And how accurate are the results that it provides?
Now, let's get you some answers on:
what is
how to use
why you'd want to use
… the Google Lighthouse testing tool.
1. What Is Google Lighthouse?
Before we get into the “Why”, let's see “What” the Google Lighthouse score is, actually:
It generates separate scores for different aspects on a web page, like:
SEO
rundown of best practices
accessibility
performance
PWA
In other words: it evaluates precisely the factors with the strongest impact on the user experience (page load time, anyone?).
What you get is a report on the measures to take in order to fix the identified issues.
And to hopefully get a maximum Google Lighthouse score next time...
2. How Do You Use Google Lighthouse?
And here we tackle one of this testing tool's biggest selling points: ease of use.
Now, there are 3 ways that you can run a Google Lighthouse report:
2.1. Use it Right in Chrome DevTools
The simplest way to run this audit tool on your website is to:
Download Google Chrome for Desktop (if you haven't done that already)
Enter the web page's URL in your browser
Click F12 to open up your Chrome Developer Tools (or just click “Inspect” anywhere on the page)
Hit the “Audits” Tab
Click “Perform an audit” (you'll see there the aspects of your website that it's about to check: SEO, Accessibility, Performance...)
Hit “Run Audit” to have Google Lighthouse generate your audit report directly through your browser
Easy peasy...
2.2. Install the Lighthouse Chrome Extension
If you prefer to run this website analysis tool as a Chrome extension, just:
Download Google Chrome for Desktop
Install the extension from the Chrome Webstore
Go to the web page that you want to test
Click the “Lighthouse” icon newly added to your Chrome address bar
Hit the “Generate Report” button
Just wait for about 30-60 seconds for the tool to inspect the page and generate the results in a new tab.
Source: developers.google.com
2.3. Run It Via the Node.js Command Line
If you're more of a CLI person, you'll find this workflow more suitable:
Again, if you haven't downloaded Google Chrome for Desktop already, now it's the time
Install the latest version of Node.js
Install Lighthouse by typing npm install -g lighthouse into your command line
Next, enter the lighthouse <url> to run an audit
Note: use the lighthouse –help command to get an overview of all the options.
That's it!
Note: it's an HTML version of the audit report that you'll get when you run Google Lighthouse via the command-line tool. Just so you know it.
Tip! There's also a... forth way to use the Google Lighthouse audit tool, probably one of the quickest ways to run your report:
Just go to web.dev
Click “TEST MY SITE”
Enter your URL
Click “RUN AUDIT”
And voila: you'll have your Google Lighthouse score generated for that particular web page in no time!
3. 6 Reasons Why You'd Use Google Lighthouse (And Why We're Using It)
Now that you know precisely what it is and the different ways that you can use it:
Why would you choose this particular website auditing tool over... all the other testing tools out there?
To give you an honest answer, let me share with you the key reasons why we, the OPTASY team, are using it on our clients' websites and even on our own site:
it's so easy to use: why compromise ease of use for accurate audit results, when... you can have both?
it's Google-developed (not just a no-name third-party testing tool)
it's open-source
it's fully automated
it tests how the scanned web pages look and perform on mobile devices, as well
it's user-centric metrics that it provides: what's the point of optimizing a website merely for our own “fame and glory” and... risk losing sight of the user's own expectations?
Whether we're:
building a new website for one of our clients
optimizing a client's existing website
optimizing OPTASY.com itself
… and we want to check how well its web pages perform, we just run a Google Lighthouse audit.
And speaking of using it on our own website, here's a sneak peek into the Lighthouse Score that it's got after we put it through some major optimization work:
In short, the scoring system and suggestions of improvement that Google Lighthouse generates make the best "barometer" for us to:
assess the quality of the audited pages (in case of an existing website, so we know what we're dealing with)
evaluate our work (after we've built/improved a website)
identify existing issues and prepare our “To Do” lists to get them fixed
4. Final Word
Do you want to learn more about how to use Google Lighthouse to its full potential? About how you can boost your Google Lighthouse performance score, like we have for OPTASY.com?
Or maybe you've already generated a report, you have the list of recommendations at hand and you need help to implement them on your website?
Either way, we're here to help. Just drop us a line.
Adriana Cacoveanu / May 01'2020
You already agree on this: web accessibility benefits users with permanent, temporary, and situational disabilities. But why is accessibility important for you?
For your business...
How does having an accessible website benefit you directly?
And that's precisely what you'll find out in this post:
7 clear benefits that you can “reap” from making your website ADA-compliant.
1. Why Is Accessibility Important For Your Business? 7 Ways It Benefits You Directly
1.1. You Improve the Visitor Experience for... Everyone
Source: disabled-world.com
“Who benefits from web accessibility?”
All users.
As you adopt all the good practices to improve your web pages' accessibility and you:
use a clear and simple language
make sure that you have enough color contrast on your site
add video captions
… you make your website easier to use for all users.
Tip 1: a video caption benefits both users with hearing loss and... any user who watches your video content in a loud environment.
Tip 2: an adequate color contrast benefits not only users with low contrast sensitivity but pretty much anyone. It makes your content more visible and easier to understand for all users.
How does this translate into a clear benefit for you?
Better user experience for all your website's visitors means:
a higher impact on your SEO rankings
more traffic on your website
better user engagement
a higher conversion rate
…
Should I carry on?
1.2. You Grow/Future-Proof Your Customer Base
Source: canada.ca
North America is aging.
By making your website accessible, you ensure that it accommodates the needs of both:
users born with a disability
users acquiring certain levels of disabilities as they age; seniors who still want to able to access the web
In other words: you'll be simultaneously growing and future-proofing your customer base.
1.3. You Minimize the Risk of Facing Legal Action
“Why is accessibility important?”
Because it's a legal requirement.
Ignore it and you face the risk an accessibility lawsuit...
Is minimizing the risk of being prosecuted a strong enough benefit for you?
1.4. You Develop a Mindset for Innovation
“Why is accessibility important in web design?”
Because it challenges you to solve all types of unanticipated problems and thus... to get creative.
The constraint of adapting your design so that it incorporates a whole set of accessibility features challenges you to... come up with innovative solutions.
And to preserve that mindset for innovation in the long term.
1.5. You Boost Your SEO Efforts
Just think about it: some of the best practices for improving a website's accessibility are to:
add ALT-text to images
write clear and concise copy
go for a clutter-free page layout
design with consistency in mind
...
But these are all good SEO practices, as well.
“So, why is accessibility good for business?”
Because, by making your website more accessible, you're also making it more... SEO-friendly.
1.6. You Improve Your Brand Reputation
Source: Acquia.com
“Why is accessibility important for your business?”
Because it helps you grow your brand reputation.
By making sure that all your website visitors are granted equal rights and easy access to your web content, you build a positive reputation around your brand.
1.7. You Improve Your Page Loading Time
Studies have proven it:
By improving a page's level of accessibility, you improve its speed score, as well.
The main idea rests the same:
As you implement features considered to be designed “exclusively” for users with disabilities, you're making your website a better place for all users.
And “faster” does mean “better”. So this is definitely a key benefit to keep in mind.
2. What Are the Most Important Aspects of Web Accessibility?
Now that you have multiple answers to your “Why” question — “Why is accessibility important?” — let me try to answer your “What” question, as well:
What makes a website accessible?
But first, here's a list of goals to set for your company website's content and design to be accessible:
To be perceivable: are your design elements and text visible and easily identifiable by all users?
To be robust: is your content robust enough to be easily parsed through and interpreted by various assistive technologies?
To be operable: make sure that all users are able to carry out the actions that your website's UI requires them to perform
To be understandable: is the information delivered on your website clear enough? How about the UI and the actions that it requires users to perform?
2.1. Color Contrast
An accessibility feature that benefits all your website visitors:
those that have a sight condition (elderly visitors here included)
those accessing your website from their mobile devices
those accessing it in a poorly lit environment
anyone accessing your website
Source: w3c.github.io
Implementing a good color contrast between the background and the foreground makes your design elements more visible and the text more readable.
And everybody wins.
2.2. Text to Speech
Why would you bother to implement this technology on your company website?
In other words:
Who benefit(s) from this accessibility feature?
users with learning disabilities
users with literacy difficulties or learning a new language
users with low vision (seniors here included)
all users who just love to... multitask (e.g. imagine yourself driving your car and listening to an e-book)
It makes your website content accessible to more people.
2.3. Clear and Constant Feedback
Remember to provide feedback — clear instructions and error/success messages — for every action that users need to complete or have already completed.
Who'll benefit from it?
users with cognitive and learning disabilities
users with lower computer skills
anyone accessing your company website
Providing clear instructions and constant feedback helps all users complete their tasks (e.g. fill in forms) on your website quick and easy.
It makes your website conveniently predictable to everyone accessing it.
2.4. Video Captions
Why is accessibility important? Because it turns your website into a “welcoming” place for everyone.
In the case of captions (or “subtitles” if you wish), it makes your video content accessible to:
people with hearing loss
people accessing your website from a loud or quiet environment
Just imagine yourself having to go through a video, in a crowded place, when don't have your headphones with you.
It's another one of those win-win accessible situations.
2.5. Clear, Clutter-Free Layout and Design
And here, the main benefits are obvious.
A simple design:
loads faster
bubbles up to the user experience
impacts your site's SEO rankings
Keep your website clutter-free by removing:
all the unnecessary design elements that make it a bit too clunky and more difficult to navigate
all the non-relevant and non-useful content
all the unnecessary code still lingering in there
Perform an audit of the menus, text sections, and links on your site and... start decluttering it.
This way, you'll improve the experience of all the users, making your website:
faster
easier to scan through
more usable
2.6. Voice Recognition
Imagine yourself driving (again) and having to search for a particular piece of information on a website.
If that website has a voice recognition system incorporated, it should go smoothly.
If not... you might consider switching to one of its direct competitors.
See my point here?
Implementing voice recognition on your website doesn't benefit just users with various physical disabilities.
It benefits anyone who simply prefers uttering search phrases instead of entering them in the search bar.
2.7. Keyboard Navigation
Make sure that users can easily navigate your website using their keyboards only.
Word of caution: are there any animated navigation buttons that unfold drop-down menus? If so, are they perfectly usable for visitors who depend on screen readers to navigate your site?
2.8. Use of ALT-Tags
Go for useful, genuinely helpful descriptions over... the too generic, perfectly SEO-optimized ones.
Accessibility is about making all users feel confident and comfortable.
Therefore, impersonal image descriptions, centered around focus keywords, are anything but helpful to them.
2.9. Accessible Buttons and Controls
Making your clicking or tapping areas:
larger
featuring enough color contrast
featuring clear and actionable title text (“sign up”, “download”, “log out”)
.. will make your website more usable for:
visitors with a certain disability
those with a limited digital dexterity
those accessing it from their mobile devices
The END!
Does this answer your questions and dilemmas on “Why is accessibility important for my business”?
Now, we're quite curious to know:
What accessibility feature has had the biggest impact on the user experience that your website provides?
Image by athree23 from Pixabay
Adriana Cacoveanu / Apr 10'2020
Let me guess: for you, the best free SEO plugin for WordPress is the one that
is feature-packed
is quick to set up
is super easy to use, featuring a straightforward UI
automates common SEO optimization tasks such as setting the meta-information
is regularly updated
“plays well” with other plugins
“Am I asking too much from an optimization plugin?” you might ask yourself.
Not at all.These are all legitimate expectations.
Now, we've done some digging and put together a top 5 WordPress SEO plugins that meet your criteria.
So, without further ado, here are the finalists:
1. The SEO Framework
If you're looking for a lightweight optimization plugin tailored for smaller-sized websites, this might just be the one for you.
Here's how it works:
It displays color-coded guidelines that point out to the aspects on that page that you need to improve.
And that's not all:
If you hover over with your mouse pointer, it'll trigger useful notes on how precisely you can optimize those specific elements on the page.
In short: it provides you with both the WHAT and the HOW to optimize (on) your website.
You'd want to go with The SEO Framework because:
it's lightweight
it provides you with good documentation and enough filters to customize your SEO settings
it's effectively simple (or “simply effective”): there are no extraneous features, it's one of those WordPress SEO plugins that does precisely what you expect it to do
it's open-source
it has clean, well-structured code
it ships with a UI that integrates seamlessly into WordPress
Source: quicksprout.com
2. Rank Math, Probably the Best Free SEO Plugin for WordPress
Source: Ahrefs.com
As Joshua Hardwick from Ahrefs admitted it, as well, Rank Math is the free SEO plugin for WordPress with the most intuitive UI.
And if, to the convenience of an easy to use interface, you add a heavy load of SEO features, your quest for the best optimization plugin might just end there.
But let's see precisely what its set of features and selling points include:
it's free
it's easy to set up
it comes with built-in redirection
it integrates with Google Search Console
it provides you with full Google Schema Markup (rich snippets... 14 different snippets, to be more specific)
it enables you to keep track of your Google Keyword rankings
it provides you with card previews for Facebook and Twitter
it generates internal link suggestions
it monitors 404 errors: it keeps track of the users landing on “dead” pages and provides you with useful data on the URL of those “problem” pages and on the no. of times they've been accessed
3. Redirection
This WordPress SEO plugins comparison had to include a reliable plugin for implementing 301 redirects, right?
Well, here it is.
And here are its strongest pros:
it's so very easy to use: just enter the source and the target URLs, click “add redirect” and you're good to go
it's free
it provides support for other 3xx redirects as well
Tip: if you're in the “advanced users” league, you can go even further and use regex matching for redirects (and ignore URL parameters, trailing slashes, etc.)
Simplicity at its best...
4. All in One SEO Pack
If you're looking for a “swiss tool” to boost your SEO efforts with, this might just be the one.
The All in One SEO Pack plugin comes packed with all the essential SEO features you need. And it makes a great option if you're not an SEO guru yourself.
If you only want to help your blog (or startup website)... gain some traction in the search results.
Source: Quicksprout.com
But let's see which are the specific features that make it a strong candidate for the title of “the best free SEO plugin for WordPress”:
it sets itself apart from Yoast (its more popular “twin plugin”, some say), with unique features such as canonical tag support, auto-generated description tags, a “bad bot” blocker
it “spoils” you with a clean, intuitive dashboard
its essential (free) features are robust enough to power your SEO strategy if it's a basic blog (or a small website) that you need to boost in the search engines
5. EWWW Image Optimizer
We couldn't have left out precisely an image compression tool from our list of top 5 WordPress SEO plugins now, could we?
EWWW Image Optimizer comes as the most effective free alternative to the well-famed ShortPixel image optimizer.
Its biggest selling point? It's very easy to use.
You get to compress your images in bulk, on the go. And by “images” I do mean the previously uploaded ones, as well.
Source: themeisle.com
But let's see what are its most “tempting” features:
it provides you with options for lossless and lossy image compression
it puts no limit on the number and the size of the image files that you upload
it provides you with JPG, PDF, PNG, and GIF optimization support
its free version carries out the optimization tasks on your web server; no need for you to sign up in order to use this plugin
And that last feature becomes particularly important if it's a privacy-focused website that you need to optimize for speed.
Word of caution: since EWWW uses your own server to perform the optimizations, it can put a strain on it if you go overboard with the no. of images that you use it for.
Honorable Mention: The Yoast SEO Plugin
Why did we leave the “rockstar” plugin out from our list?
Isn't Yoast the best free SEO plugin for WordPress, according to many users?
Source: backlinko.com
Yes and no...
Yes, it's by far the most popular (and the most comprehensive) SEO plugin for WordPress.
But there are certain aspects which have blurred its “rockstar aura”:
the annoying paid aids
the reputation of slowing down the back-ends of the websites using it (its features aren't powerful enough to compensate for that)
the fact that it trades looks for functionality: its UI is not one of the prettiest ones
The END!
What's the best free SEO plugin for WordPress according to your own feature requirements and criteria?
Is it included in this list? And why do you prefer it?
Let us know in the comments below.
Image by tomekwalecki from Pixabay
Adriana Cacoveanu / Apr 08'2020
You've run your audit, you've got your list of web accessibility issues: now what?
Where do you start?
Before you get to the point where you ask yourself “How do I fix web accessibility issues on my site?” you wonder: “Which issue to address first?”
How do you prioritize accessibility problems?
By noticeability, by severity or by tractability? What criteria do you use?
And this is the question that this post will answer to.
It's a list of 8 simple ways to prioritize the issues included in your accessibility audit report:
If Your Website's Image-Heavy, ALT Text Becomes a Priority
If You Host Lots of Videos, Adding Captions Is Critical
Let the Data on Your Target Audience Dictate Your Priorities
If the Issue Is Repetitive for Screen Readers, Then It's High Priority
Put on Your List of Web Accessibility Those that Impact the User Navigation
Prioritize the Issues that Prevent Users from Submitting Forms
Prioritize The Accessibility Issues Detected on Key Pages of Your Site
Prioritize Low Complexity, but High-Value Issues
1. If Your Website's Image-Heavy, ALT Text Becomes a Priority
Do you have lots of images on your website?
Then adding ALT text is a top priority, by default.
2. If You Host Lots of Videos, Adding Captions Is Critical
Do you have lots of video content on your site? Then adding captions should be one of the first tasks to carry out after you've run your web accessibility audit.
3. Let the Data on Your Target Audience Dictate Your Priorities
Customer analytics should be the main criteria to use when you put together a list of web accessibility issues.
How many people in your customer base use screen magnifiers to zoom in specific sections on your website?
Are there users depending on screen readers in order to interact with your website?
What does the analytics data tell you?
It's those stats that determine how you should prioritize your usability problems. And how you should design your website accessibility plan.
Source: Medium.com
In this case, categorizing (and therefore prioritizing) web accessibility issues by their WCAG level (A, AA, AAA) is a bit rudimentary.
The data that you have on your user target group might reveal to you that complying with certain AA (or “nice to have”) standards is more important for your audience than complying with some A standards...
In short: start with those issues that have a direct impact on your specific customer base.
4. If The Issue Is Repetitive for Screen Readers, Then It's High Priority
Take an issue listed in the W3C accessibility checklist as common as... link names. It says there that the displayed text should be unique, meaningful and descriptive enough.
Has your automated accessibility testing tool identified multiple instances of this issue?
Do they seem to be so repetitive that the experience of any website visitor using a screen reader is just... terrible?
Then you should address them ASAP.
5. Put on Your List of Web Accessibility Issues Those that Impact the User Navigation
You've run your web accessibility audit and now you need to prioritize the issues detected.
An effective criterion to use for setting up a hierarchy of “errors” is the impact that those issues have on users' navigation experience.
For, if those issues prevent users who depend on assistive technologies from navigating your website, they'll get discouraged/frustrated. And leave your site.
For instance, your accessibility audit might detect a problematic heading structure. Which, by the way, falls into the AA category.
If that heading structure:
skips certain levels
or, even worse, there is no heading structure at all
or it contains too much irrelevant information
… and is the main “culprit” for the poor navigation experience on your website, then you should make it a priority.
6. Prioritize the Issues that Prevent Users from Submitting Forms
For there's nothing that says “I don't care about you” like web accessibility issues that stop users from filling in a form on your site.
In short, make sure you tackle those first.
I'm talking here about usability issues like:
unhelpful error text messages like “please enter correct information”
unaccessible inline error messages
… that make it impossible for these website visitors to submit any form.
7. Prioritize the Web Accessibility Issues Identified on Key Pages
Build your web accessibility test plan around the most important pages on your website.
Source: support.siteimprove.com
For instance, optimizing a page with a Help article isn't a top priority.
But optimizing for accessibility your:
Product page
Login page
Checkout page
User Registration page
Contact Us page
Feedback or Survey page
… should be listed among your top priorities.
Tip: a common web accessibility mistake is to ask people with disabilities to enter information from their paper receipts on the survey page. Make sure this problem is among the first ones that you address.
So, before you go ahead and add problems to your top list of web accessibility issues, you might want to ask yourself some key questions:
“What's the scope of the page presenting accessibility issues?”
“What's the traffic on the page that you're about to optimize?”
8. Prioritize Low Complexity, but High-Value Issues
And now you have your answer to the question:
“What if I have a high-value issue, but with low complexity like... defining page titles for dynamic pages on my website?”
Final Word: Internal Prioritization Is Crucial
Putting together a list of web accessibility issues to tackle first depends on your website's:
audience
content
functionality
Sticking to an “A level vs AA level” technique for figuring out what problems to fix first is... a bit too simplistic.
For even not all A-level accessibility standards are of equal importance and not all AA-level issues are just “nice to haves”:
Source: www.w3.org
Your turn now:
What criteria do you use to prioritize the accesilbity issues that you identify on your website?
Are there other prioritization techniques that I should add to this list?
Let me know in the comments below.
Image by Gerd Altmann from Pixabay
Adriana Cacoveanu / Mar 27'2020
In this post, I'll share with you the top 10 rules of good UI design.
You will be learning:
What are the essential elements of a good UI design
What are the most common UI/UX mistakes that designers make
What are the UI best practices in 2020
Lots more UI design tips
Now, let's get started.
1. Aim at an Almost Invisible User Interface
What is a good UI design?
A logical structure & necessary visual elements only.
In other words, in order to design an almost invisible user interface you need to:
be “merciless” and keep the essential elements only
base your UI on a well-thought-out structure
use clear language in your text messages and on your labels
Source: Medium.com
A poorly structured and cluttered UI would only make the user ask questions like: “Where's the main menu?”
2. Keep It Consistent
And this is one of those good UI design principles that's overlooked or undermined most often.
Consistency should span over the entire ecosystem of elements that make up a UI design: fonts, colors, menus, buttons, icons.
Keeping a consistent UI throughout your website translates into creating patterns aimed at enhancing efficiency.
At improving the user experience.
And here I'm referring to layout, design, language patterns. Once the user gets familiar with a given pattern, it will be easier for him/her to interact with other parts of your website that present the same pattern.
3. Be Purposeful with Page Layout
One of the fundamental rules of good UI design is to structure your pages based on importance.
In this respect, here are the crucial principles of user interface design to guide your page layout creation:
take into account the spacial relationships between various elements on the page
place your UI elements strategically: draw users' attention to the most important information on the page and make it easy for them to scan it through
keep in mind that “form follows function”: design each item in accordance to its function (no need to reinvent the wheel and to turn the hamburger menu into a... sandwich menu, for instance)
stay away from clutter, at all cost: keep the visual elements on the page to a minimum
make smart use of headings, group similar elements together, add numbered items, as well, all in the name of readability
IMAGE Image by 200 Degrees from Pixabay
4. Use Color and Texture Strategically
Make smart use of color, texture, contrast, and light to direct the user's attention to key elements and important information on the screen.
5. Use Familiar UI Elements: One of the Key Rules of Good UI Design
One of the UI best practices that's both:
the easiest to implement
the most underestimated
And it all comes down to intuitive design. To sticking to common elements when creating your user interface.
Again, the hamburger menu makes the best example: once spotted, the user knows what it is and how to open it.
Restrain yourself from showing off your creativity as a web designer. From being "discouragingly" innovative. Form should follow function, remember?
Instead of impressing your users, you should help them get things done quickly and easily.
That's what delivering a good user experience is all about, after all.
6. Put the User in Control of the UI
Instilling a sense of control in the user is one of the most powerful UI design principles.
Source: xd.adobe.com
In this respect, here are some specific measures that you can implement:
6.1. Provide enough context
Ensure that the user knows, at each stage of his journey on your website, where he is, where he's been, and where he could go next.
Tip: place visual cues to help the user develop a sense of mastery and control.
6.2. Be transparent about the system status
Another one of those golden rules of good UI design:
Let the user know, at all times, what's the status of the process that he's initiated.
For instance, he/she might have started an action that requires some time for the computer to carry out.
In this case, make sure you provide feedback, at regular intervals, about the system status, about what's going on.
6.3. Make actions reversible
In other words, allow users to:
unselect
undo their last actions
restart whatever processes that they've engaged in
6.4. Design your UI with all user skill levels in mind
And this is one of the most obvious characteristics of a good UI design.
It's an easy to use interface for both casual and expert-level users.
6.5. Provide feedback on every user action
It's more than a good UI best practice: it's a matter of... good manners to provide at least some sort of feedback at each point of action.
Therefore, make sure your system delivers a meaningful reaction each time a user:
clicks on a menu
hits a button
clicks on a text message tab
Let the user know, using specific UI elements — animations, progress bars, pop-up windows, color change — whether he's successfully carried out the action or not.
7. Minimize Cognitive Load: Recognition over Recall
“Task-relevant information only” should be one of your key rules of good UI design.
And sticking to a limited number of elements within the display aligns with the very limits that the human attention, itself, imposes.
In this respect, it's human nature that your users prefer to recognize information across a sequence of screens rather than to strive and recall it from their memory.
For instance, our cognitive load is always lighter when we're challenged to answer multiple-choice questions compared to having to tackle short answer questions.
8. Stick to One Primary Action per Screen
And here, we go back to the “visual declutter” principle again:
Make sure that each screen supports just one single main action.
Squeezing too much information on the same screen and requesting the user to carry out more than one primary action will just:
confuse him/her
distract him
lead to attention overload
9. Use Typography to Create Visual Hierarchy
Most likely one of the easiest to follow rules of good UI design.
Strategically use different font sizes and display text to enhance:
readability
scanability
legibility
Photo by Alice Donovan Rouse on Unsplash
10. Stick to a Small Number of Gestures
Gesturing, swiping, tapping, pressing... no need to “squeeze” all these user actions into your app. Keep them to a minimum.
Tip: Facebook and WhatsApp make some good UI design examples; their interfaces require a limited number of user gestures.
Pro tip: make sure it's crystal clear to your users what gestures they need to perform in order to carry out certain actions on your interface.
Source: Medium.com
The END!
Now, I'm really curious to hear/read your thoughts:
How does your own list of must-follow rules of good UI design look like? Have I overlooked any key best practices?
Let me know in the comments below.
Image by FiveFlowersForFamilyFirst from Pixabay
Silviu Serdaru / Mar 17'2020
"How do I test my website for accessibility?" And right after you type in this question you discover that there are dozens of free website accessibility testing tools to choose from. So: why use Siteimprove?
In this post, I'll answer your key questions about Siteimprove:
What does Siteimprove do?
Why use precisely this accessibility evaluation tool?
How to use the Siteimprove Accessibility Checker?
Siteimprove vs Axe: what are the key differences?
Monsido vs Siteimprove: which is the best web accessibility testing tool for you?
Drupal 8 Siteimprove: what does it do?
So, let's dive in:
1. How Does the Siteimprove Accessibility Checker Work?
"The Siteimprove Browser Extension is a Chrome/Firefox plugin that allows you to see page specific DCI scores and if a CMS deep link is set-up, it also allows you to fix content to improve the scores directly in your CMS during your browser session." (source: Siteimprove.com)
Once added to your browser toolbar, you can use Siteimprove to identify accessibility issues on specific web pages. At any given time.
It provides you with:
explanations on how they impact the user experience
clear recommendations on how to address them
Free, handy, effective. These are the best 3 words to describe the Siteimprove extension.
Note: since all evaluation is performed in your browser, Siteimprove guarantees you a secure scanning of your non-public pages, multi-step forms, password-protected pages and pages with dynamic content.
2. Why Use Siteimprove over Other Website Accessibility Testing Tools?
What powerful features make it stand out from the crowd of automated accessibility testing tools that you could use?
I've selected the 8 most valuable ones:
2.1. Monitors all broken links and spelling mistakes on your web page
Maybe you consider these issues to be mere... negligences to be put at the end of your priority list.
But just imagine how much these "details" could affect a visually impaired user.
This is where the Siteimprove Accessibility Checker comes in. It keeps your website under "surveillance". Ready to spot and to highlight any broken link, any little spelling mistakes that it detects. Or any other quality issues that it identifies.
2.2. Generates an accessibility report for you to analyze
From ALT missing attributes to accessibility issues spotted in your tables and forms, the Siteimprove report lists all the problem areas to focus on.
A handy overview that you can use to define all future tasks that need to be carried out in order to improve your website's accessibility.
2.3. Pinpoints accessibility issues
It'll highlight them all right on-page and in-code.
In other words, you don't need to do a research on all the latest accessibility guidelines first.
The Siteimprove extension for browsers will outline all the key issues that you'll need to focus on to get started.
2.4. Integrates seamlessly with your CMS
Whether it's Drupal or WordPress that you're using, Siteimprove enables you to fix the signaled issues on the spot. Right there, in your CMS, while you're browsing around your website.
2.5. Allows you to automate the accessibility checks
And by automating the bulk of your testing process, you get to streamline all the tasks that it covers, such as:
testing various color combinations
evaluating your PDF pages' accessibility
testing your form fields
2.6. Provides specific recommendations
Why use Siteimprove?
Because it doesn't stop at pointing out the accessibility issues on your website: it also gives you clear explanations on how to address them.
2.7. Enables you to monitor your progress in improving your website's accessibility
industry benchmarks
historical graphs
automated reports
customizable dashboards
All these Siteimprove features enable you to measure the progress that your team makes for turning your website WCAG 2.1 compliant.
2.8. Allows you to set up a hierarchy for the accessibility issues identified
In short, the Siteimprove web accessibility checker enables you to categorize and to prioritize tasks by:
severity
conformance level
And to assign them by job role (webmaster, editor, developer...) or responsibilities.
3. How to Use Siteimprove Accessibility Checker?
Say you want to try the Siteimprove Google Chrome Extension. Here's how you use it:
install the Siteimprove Accessibility Checker Chrome extension from the Chrome Webshop from your Chrome browser
add the extension to your browser: "Add to Chrome"
look for the newly added icon in your browser window
enter your target web page's URL in your browser
click the Siteimprove Accessibility Checker icon and let it perform its audit
take a look at the results displayed on the right side of the page
Note: Siteimprove Accessibility Checker uses the same checking engine as the Siteimprove Accessibility platform.
4. Siteimprove vs Axe Accessibility Tool
Why use Siteimprove over Axe? How are they different anyway?
Let's compare these 2 popular accessibility testing tools:
4.1. Axe browser extension
It generates detailed results, but you might find its slideshow-style controls a bit challenging
4.2. Siteimprove Accessibility Checker
it stands out as an accessibility testing tool that allows you to filter tasks by "responsibility" (or job role)
also, it displays the issues that it detects following the same structure of the WCAG guidelines
it presents color-codes issues by conformance level (A, AA, AAA)
it points out to the specific WCAG criteria that those issues relate to
5. Monsido vs Siteimprove Accessibility Checker
And why would you choose Siteimprove over Monsido?
Here's what sets them apart:
Monsido provides comprehensive crawls weekly, whereas with Siteimprove you get automated crawls every 5 days
Monsido could discourage you with its less-friendly UI, whereas Siteimprove has a more intuitive dashboard
6. The Drupal 8 Siteimprove Module: What Does It Do?
"The seamless integration between Siteimprove and Drupal streamlines workflow efficiencies for your web team. With the module, your team can fix errors and optimize content directly within the editing environment." (source: Siteimprove.com)
In short, the module (or "Siteimprove plugin", if you wish):
scans your website for accessibility issues (broken links and misspellings, A, AA, AAA conformance level accessibility issues, readability levels, etc.)
that you can then turn into manageable tasks and assign to your team members
who can tackle them right in the editing environment that they're using
Tip: you can even use the Drupal 8 Siteimprove module to see what would be the impact if you unpublished a "problem" page before you apply this measure.
The END!
Have I managed to answer your "Why use Siteimprove?" question?
Are you already using it as your website accessibility checker? If not, what other tool are you using and why have you chosen precisely that one?
Let me know in the comments below.
Image by Sitanshu Kumar from Pixabay
Adriana Cacoveanu / Mar 12'2020
You've gone through the guidelines, standards, warnings, and best practices included in the W3C recommendations and... you're stuck. How do you know whether your website is 100% WCAG 2.1 compliant? What are the best web accessibility testing tools out there that you could use?
Free, easy to use accessibility evaluation tools that you could run on your website to spot the issues lurking in there.
And which could even get you some valuable recommendations on the best ways to address them.
All that before you actually have someone (or even a whole team of QA testers) review your website. Before you carry out an in-depth accessibility audit and run user-centric testing sessions with... real people involved.
You must be thinking about browser extensions...
They're so accessible: you just open the page you want to check and click a button in your toolbar. They're free and make great "starts" for identifying accessibility issues on your website. And for getting your hands on some valuable recommendations on how to fix them.
So, here are 5 automated accessibility testing tools that we recommend you try first:
0.1. But What Are Accessibility Tools More Precisely?
"Are there any recommended tools available that can help me test for accessibility issues?"
Take these common accessibility issues that might still go "undetected" on your website:
there's not enough color contrast on certain pages (or no contrast at all)
one or more images don't have ALT descriptions added to
an editor deleted the content for one of the H2 tags but left that tag lingering in there and confusing the screen readers
someone from your design team has put a placeholder text instead of a text field, which risks displaying an unlabeled field, that screen readers cannot... read
there's one label missing from your newsletter sign-up form
These are all frequent issues that web accessibility evaluation tools can help you detect and address.
They fall into multiple categories:
browser extensions, that we'll be focusing on in this post
command-line tools accessibility testing tools that you can integrate with your continuous integration system
Tip: Keep in mind that the following 5 best web accessibility testing tools detect about 30% of the issues. They make a great starting point for a more complex audit and comprehensive monitoring strategy that you should set in place.
1. Wave, The Venerated Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool for Chrome
A full-featured, easy to use website accessibility checker that's been in most developers' toolkits for quite a few years now.
Here's how it works:
it adds a visual overlay of error icons and indications to the web page that you're auditing
icons which, once clicked, provide you with information and recommendations about the accessibility issues detected: redundant titles, structural elements, links to HTML, poor color contrast, how those issues impact different types of users, what WCAG guidelines they violate, etc.
it points out to you the "troublesome" code via annotated HTML popping up in the panel at the bottom of the screen
In short, Wave is one of the robust website accessibility checkers that goes beyond streamlining your audit process.
It's also geared at educating users (website owners, QA testers) about the accessibility issues to pay attention to.
"How to use Wave accessibility tool?"
Either way:
you can just enter your URL in the dedicated field on their website
you can download the browser extension
Go for the extension particularly if it's dynamic, password-protected and locally stored web pages that you need to check.
2. Tenon, Accessibility as a Service
"How do I test accessibility?"
Tenon's another tool that comes both in a free and paid version.
What makes it "worthy" of this top 5 selection?
it addresses the common scenario: running accessibility tests after neglected guidelines have already turned into critical issues that affect the user experience
it's such a flexible tool for content creators, designers, developers, and testers
it generates... generous reports with code snippets for each error, corresponding WCAG guidelines, and recommendations on how to fix them
In short: Tenon helps you run a preventive type of accessibility check on your website. You can detect key issues before they even get to turn into major usability problems
Furthermore, you can easily incorporate Tenon into your toolset via its API. It integrates smoothly with any CMS, IDE, deploy tool or automated build that you might be using.
3. Google Lighthouse, One of the Top Automated Accessibility Testing Tools
"How do I know if my website actually is WCAG 2.0 compliant?"
You give it a full check using a tool like Google Lighthouse here:
it's open-source
it's automated
it's so handy (it's Chrome built-in)
it's super easy to use
Moreover, this accessibility testing tool is part of a whole suite of checks that you can run using Chrome Developer Tools:
SEO
Progressive Web App
Performance
Best Practices
What it does it provide you with a full report of its test results:
whether all the buttons on that page have accessible names or not
whether all the images have ALT attributes added to
whether that page has a title or not ...
Next, you simply take it from there and improve the areas signaled in the report.
And here's how you use it:
open devtools in your Chrome Browser
look for the "Audits" tab
click "Perform an Audit"
Tip: save the report in a JSON format for later (or to send it to someone in your team).
Another great thing about Google Lighthouse is that it's one of those web accessibility evaluation tools that don't require you to sign up. You just drag a report onto the online report viewer that it provides you with.
4. Axe Browser Extension
"How do you know if your site actually is WCAG 2.0 compliant?"
You "grab" a tool like Axe here and give your site an automated audit.
It'll just attach itself as a new tab to your Chrome's Dev Tools. Once you click that blue "analyze" button, you'll be given a whole list of "violations" detected on your page.
Why have we included it in our highly exclusive list of 5 best web accessibility testing tools?
because it's free (a self-contained open-source library)
because you get to custom-tune it to your specific accessibility testing needs: add specific rules, integrate it with testing frameworks and browsers of your choice...
because each signaled issue "exposes" the corresponding markup, as well
Just hit "Inspect code" and you're taken to the tab in DevTools, where the "culprit element" is outlined.
Tip: another reason why this is one of the first website accessibility checkers that you should consider is that the Axe accessibility report goes beyond signaling clear violations of accessibility guidelines.
It also highlights aspects that you could improve on your website's UI.
5. Siteimprove, One of the Best Web Accessibility Testing Tools
We confess: Siteimprove is our favorite website accessibility checker. Here's why:
it provides us with actionable information regarding all the issues that it detects
it generates clear explanations on the impact of those issues on some users
it also "spoils" us with intuitive user experience: issues get highlighted to the right side of the page
Where do you add that the entire web page audit process is performed in our Chrome browsers.
Easy to use and highly efficient. What more could you wish from a free accessibility testing tool?
Final Word
Turn this type of accessibility testing — using Chrome extensions — into a part of a more comprehensive testing strategy.
You shouldn't limit your evaluation to the results that you get by using any of these 5 best web accessibility testing tools.
There's still some level of "human intervention" needed to interpret those results. To come up with the proper set of steps to take, right?
Use them if you just want to check whether:
there are any images without ALT descriptions on your website
the HTML is valid
your form fields have both labels and descriptions
Whereas for assessing:
whether that HTML is semantic or not
whether those form field descriptions are user-friendly enough
whether there's a proper heading hierarchy on a given page on your website
... you'll need human analysis.
Automated accessibility testing will (only) point out key aspects for your QA testers to focus on.
The END!
Have you used any of these accessibility testing tools on your website?
Do you usually stop your audit there or do you use an automated & manual testing type of "combo"? Does it depend on the context actually?
Share your thoughts in the comments down below!
Photo by John Schnobrich on Unsplash
Adriana Cacoveanu / Feb 29'2020
Here you are, facing an impossible dilemma: is the Apigee Developer Portal Kickstart on Drupal 8 the best solution for the developer portal that you're setting up? Or should you go with Apigee's integration portal instead?
How are they different in terms of provided features? How do your own requirements and constraints influence your choice?
Now, let's dive right into:
what the Apigee developer portal is
when to consider Apigee's integrated portal
why and when to choose Drupal 8 Apigee Kickstart
what could discourage you from using the Drupal distribution
1. What Is Developer Portal Apigee?
You're already building APIs that expose your services to developers from your team and to those outside your enterprise, right?
But you want to go beyond merely building APIs: you want to provide the best developer experience, as well. One that would entice developers to use those APIs.
And this is what the Apigee developer portal is mainly designed for:
To help you "lure in" those admins and developers using APIs managed by the Apigee platform.
2. Choose Apigee Integrated Portal If...
... it's a basic marketing or developer documentation website that you're planning to put together.
One that should integrate with a subset of features exposed vis Apigee's API management platform.
Tip: think twice before choosing this solution if you need to integrate API revisions, load balancing, monetization or various complex documentation structures with your developer portal, etc.
You'd Want to Use the Integrated Portal Solution Because:
it's an easy to build, easy to use portal, integrated with Apigee Edge, that you have in mind
it's a simple developer documentation website that you're setting up
it's a basic, turn-key developer portal solution that you need
it provides you with hosting on Google Cloud, support and maintenance
it makes documenting and managing your APIs fairly easy
Apigee's Integrated Portal Top Features:
Create pages using page editor
API Documentation
Access control to portal content and APIs
Customize design elements via SCSS style sheets
Advanced customizations (customize domain, configure your email, custom registration fields, extend portal using scripts)
Create pages using page editor
Analytics via Google Analytics and custom analytics tracking
Add menus for navigation
Self-service registration for developers to build apps using your APIs
Markdown and HTML to compose content
3. Choose Apigee Developer Portal Kickstart If...
it's a powerful developer portal platform that you need
it's a highly flexible, fully customizable solution that you're looking for
you need to get your developer portal up and running, integrated with Apigee Edge, in no time
Source: docs.apigee.com
Are all these 3 requirements on your priority list?
Then Apigee's distribution for Drupal 8 might just be the best way to set up a new developer portal. Or to move your current one from Drupal 7 to Drupal 8.
You'd Want to Use the Apigee Developer Portal Kickstart Because:
it does most of the Drupal 8 module installing and configuration work for you
it provides you with step-by-step guidance to install Drupal 8 core, integrate your portal with Apigee Edge, and customize its theme
its theme's Bootstrap-based, enabling you to easily customize and brand your website
it's faster and more extendable
it's forward-compatible with Drupal 9
it's, overall, highly customizable: you get to create fine-tuned brand experiences
it provides you with sample content, as well, so you can set up your developer platform quick and easy
it operates with already familiar Drupal 8 concepts: content types (e.g. Basic pages, article, forums...) media types, etc.
In a nutshell: take the Apigee Kickstart developer portal as a convenient package with all the Drupal 8 modules and libraries that you'll need to quickly put together a developer community.
One that's connected to Apigee Edge, exposes your APIs and publishes the API documentation that developers need.
Apigee Developer Portal Kickstart Top Features:
API Catalog page
Modules for FAQ, Blogs, and Forums
16 pages with preloaded content for demonstration
API documentation content type
Customizable site theme
“Getting Started” page
Developer Portal homepage
API doc landing page with demo content and vocabulary
4. You'd Hesitate Using Drupal 8 Apigee Kickstart Because...
it makes you dependent on this Drupal distribution's maintainers; on their updates and security patches releases
it "ties" your developer portal to the distribution's predefined theme, content layout, font, colors...
So, you'll first want to check that the distribution — Apigee Kickstart Drupal in this case — is regularly and properly maintained.
5. The Best Solution for Your Developer Portal Is...
the one that meets your customization needs
the one that complies with your time constraints
the one that fits your team's level of expertise in setting up a developer portal
Source: docs.apigee.com
In short, choosing between an integrated portal and a Drupal-based one starts with setting your requirements (and your constraints) against each solution's benefits and key features.
Are you time-limited, but do you also "crave" power of customization over your future developer portal? The Apigee Kickstart Drupal might be the best solution for you.
Do you need a ready-hosted turn-key platform to set up your developer community on? Are you already an Apigee Edge for Public Cloud customer?
Then Apigee's integrated portal might suit you best.
The END!
Integrated portal or Drupal-based portal: what would you choose? And why?
Adriana Cacoveanu / Feb 13'2020